If the light rays are travelling from one medium to another they change their direction at the boundary between two mediums. When the light rays either bend or change their direction while passing ...

Nearly a decade after getting waves of light to bend backward, physicists have done the same with electrons. Electrons coursing through a sheet of carbon atoms exhibited negative refraction, bending ...

The first law of refraction states that the incident rays, refracted rays, and the normal to the interface at the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane. The ratio of the sine of the angle of ...

Well, OK, not exactly. A beam of light could pass through air all day long (as long as you have a layer of air 26 billion kilometers long) and not deviate a whit. But if the density of that air ...

Sometimes when you look into a swimming pool it’s difficult to tell how deep the water actually is. If you grab something long, like a stick, you can use it to test the depth of the water. Upon ...

Light bends when travelling through a concentration gradient of sugar in water. The top layer of liquid is pure water while the bottom layer is concentrated sugar water. In these layers, there is no ...

From ribosomes assembling proteins to viruses attacking cells, the main dramas in biology happen on a scale that is, tantalizingly, just one order of magnitude below the resolution of the best optical ...

Researchers are making progress toward a “perfect lens” that will be able to resolve an organelle assembling a protein or a virus attacking a cell. From ribosomes assembling proteins to viruses ...